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Abdul Kalam(A.P.J Abdul Kalam)

Here’s a detailed note about Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, popularly known as the “Missile Man of India” and the “People’s President”:

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A. P. J. Abdul Kalam – Detailed Notes

Full Name

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam

Birth and Early Life

  • Date of Birth: 15 October 1931
  • Place of Birth: Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Parents: Jainulabdeen (father, boat owner & imam), Ashiamma (mother, homemaker)
  • Came from a humble and financially poor background.
  • Contributed to his family income at a young age by distributing newspapers.
  • Early schooling at Rameswaram Elementary School and later at Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram.
  • From childhood, he was deeply interested in science, mathematics, and flight.

Education

  • Undergraduate: Physics at St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli (graduated in 1954).
  • Engineering: Aeronautical Engineering from Madras Institute of Technology (MIT), Chennai (1955–1960).
  • Dreamed of becoming a fighter pilot but missed the opportunity narrowly (stood 9th when only 8 positions were available).

Career in Science & Technology

  • Joined Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in 1960.
  • Later moved to Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 1969.
  • Project Director of India’s first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed Rohini satellite in 1980, making India a member of the Space Club.
  • Known as the “Missile Man of India” for leading the development of ballistic missile technology, including Agni and Prithvi missiles under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP).
  • Played a significant role in Pokhran-II nuclear tests (1998), which established India as a nuclear power.

Major Contributions

  1. In ISRO: Development of SLV-III, PSLV, and GSLV projects.
  2. In DRDO: Indigenous guided missile technology (Agni, Prithvi, Akash, Trishul, Nag).
  3. Pokhran-II (1998): Chief Scientific Advisor and key figure in India’s nuclear tests.
  4. Technology Vision 2020: A plan to transform India into a developed nation through science, technology, and innovation.

Presidency (2002–2007)

  • Became the 11th President of India (25 July 2002 – 25 July 2007).
  • Known as the “People’s President” due to his humility, simplicity, and constant interaction with students and youth.
  • Advocated for education, innovation, and youth empowerment.
  • Refused to contest for a second term despite popular demand.

Post-Presidency

  • Continued teaching, inspiring, and writing after his tenure as President.
  • Served as a visiting professor at Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Shillong, Ahmedabad, Indore, and several universities.
  • Delivered motivational lectures across India and abroad.

Writings

He was a prolific writer and authored many inspiring books, including:

  • Wings of Fire (Autobiography)
  • Ignited Minds
  • India 2020
  • Mission India
  • My Journey
  • Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji

Awards and Honours

  • Padma Bhushan (1981)
  • Padma Vibhushan (1990)
  • Bharat Ratna (1997) – India’s highest civilian honour
  • Numerous international awards and honorary doctorates from leading universities across the world.

Philosophy & Vision

  • Believed strongly in the power of youth to transform India into a developed nation.
  • Advocated for “dreams, vision, and action” – famously said, “Dream, dream, dream. Dreams transform into thoughts and thoughts result in action.”
  • Stressed on self-reliance in technology, education, and defense.
  • Deeply spiritual, influenced by teachings of Bhagavad Gita, Quran, Bible, and works of saints.

Death

  • On 27 July 2015, Dr. Kalam collapsed while delivering a lecture at IIM Shillong.
  • Died of cardiac arrest at the age of 83.
  • Remembered as a teacher till his last breath.

Legacy

  • Known as Missile Man of India and People’s President.
  • Loved by students and youth for his humility, accessibility, and inspiring personality.
  • Institutions, scholarships, and awards have been named in his honour.
  • His birthday, 15th October, is celebrated as World Students’ Day by the United Nations in his memory.

✅ Summary:
Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was a visionary scientist, India’s 11th President, a teacher at heart, and above all, a humble human being. His life was dedicated to science, national development, education, and inspiring the youth. He transformed India’s defense and space technology, left behind a vision for a developed India, and continues to inspire generations with his words and deeds.

Here’s a detailed biodata of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in structured form:

Biodata of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Personal Information

  • Full Name: Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
  • Popularly Known As: Missile Man of India, People’s President
  • Date of Birth: 15 October 1931
  • Place of Birth: Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Nationality: Indian
  • Religion/Belief: Islam; spiritually inclined, respected all religions (Bhagavad Gita, Bible, Quran)
  • Zodiac Sign: Libra
  • Parents:
    • Father – Jainulabdeen (boat owner & imam)
    • Mother – Ashiamma (homemaker)
  • Siblings: 4 brothers and 1 sister (he was the youngest)
  • Marital Status: Never married
  • Death: 27 July 2015, Shillong, Meghalaya, India (Cardiac arrest while delivering a lecture at IIM Shillong)
  • Age at Death: 83 years

Education

  • Schooling: Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram
  • Graduation: B.Sc. Physics from St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli (1954)
  • Engineering: Aeronautical Engineering from Madras Institute of Technology (MIT), Chennai (1960)

Career

  • 1960: Joined DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation) as a scientist.
  • 1969: Moved to ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation).
  • 1980: Directed India’s first SLV-III, which successfully placed Rohini Satellite in orbit.
  • 1982–1999: Led Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP); developed Agni, Prithvi, Akash, Trishul, Nag missiles.
  • 1992–1999: Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister & Secretary of DRDO.
  • 1998: Key role in Pokhran-II nuclear tests, establishing India as a nuclear power.
  • 2002–2007: 11th President of India (People’s President).
  • Post-presidency: Visiting professor, motivational speaker, and writer.

Major Positions Held

  • Project Director, SLV-III (ISRO)
  • Director, DRDO Missile Development Program
  • Chief Scientific Adviser to Prime Minister (1992–1999)
  • 11th President of India (2002–2007)
  • Chancellor of Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), Thiruvananthapuram

Awards & Honours

  • Padma Bhushan (1981)
  • Padma Vibhushan (1990)
  • Bharat Ratna (1997) – India’s highest civilian award
  • Von Braun Award (2013)
  • King Charles II Medal (2007)
  • Honorary doctorates from more than 40 universities worldwide

Books Authored

  • Wings of Fire (Autobiography)
  • Ignited Minds
  • India 2020
  • My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions
  • Mission India
  • Transcendence

Philosophy & Vision

  • Advocated Technology Vision 2020 – a roadmap to transform India into a developed nation.
  • Believed in the power of youth and education to change society.
  • Famous Quote: “Dream, dream, dream. Dreams transform into thoughts and thoughts result in action.”

Legacy

  • Remembered as the Missile Man of India for missile and space contributions.
  • Known as the People’s President for his humility and love for youth.
  • His birthday, 15th October, is celebrated as World Students’ Day by the UN.
  • Numerous research centers, awards, and scholarships named in his honour.

✅ Summary:
Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1931–2015) was a visionary scientist, aerospace engineer, 11th President of India, and an inspirational teacher. Despite his humble beginnings, he rose to the highest positions in science and politics, earning immense respect for his integrity, simplicity, and dedication to India’s development.

Here’s a detailed biodata of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in table format:

Biodata of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Field Details
Full Name Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
Popularly Known As Missile Man of India, People’s President
Date of Birth 15 October 1931
Place of Birth Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India
Nationality Indian
Religion/Belief Islam; spiritually respected all religions (Bhagavad Gita, Quran, Bible)
Zodiac Sign Libra
Parents Father – Jainulabdeen (boat owner & imam) Mother – Ashiamma (homemaker)
Siblings 4 brothers and 1 sister (he was the youngest)
Marital Status Never married
Death 27 July 2015, Shillong, Meghalaya, India (while delivering lecture at IIM Shillong)
Age at Death 83 years
Cause of Death Cardiac arrest
Schooling Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram
College Education B.Sc. Physics – St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli (1954)
Engineering Education Aeronautical Engineering – Madras Institute of Technology (MIT), Chennai (1960)
First Job Scientist at DRDO (1960)
Career Highlights – Joined ISRO (1969), Project Director of SLV-III (1980) – Led missile projects: Agni, Prithvi, Akash, Trishul, Nag – Key role in Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests (1998) – Chief Scientific Adviser to PM (1992–1999) – 11th President of India (2002–2007)
Major Positions Held – Project Director, SLV-III – Director, DRDO Missile Development Program – Chief Scientific Adviser to Prime Minister (1992–1999) – President of India (2002–2007) – Chancellor, IIST Thiruvananthapuram
Books Authored Wings of Fire (Autobiography), Ignited Minds, India 2020, My Journey, Mission India, Transcendence
Awards & Honours – Padma Bhushan (1981) – Padma Vibhushan (1990) – Bharat Ratna (1997) – Von Braun Award (2013) – King Charles II Medal (2007) – Honorary doctorates from 40+ universities
Philosophy & Vision Technology Vision 2020; believed in youth empowerment, education, and self-reliant India
Famous Quote “Dream, dream, dream. Dreams transform into thoughts and thoughts result in action.”
Legacy – Known as Missile Man of India – People’s President – 15 October celebrated as World Students’ Day by UN – Scholarships, institutions, and awards in his name

✅ This table gives a complete snapshot of his biodata in an easy-to-read profile format.

Here’s a detailed note on the Early Life and Education of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam:

Early Life and Education of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Early Life

  • Birth: Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 in Rameswaram, a small island town in Tamil Nadu, India.
  • Family Background:
    • Father: Jainulabdeen, a boat owner and imam of a local mosque, respected for his wisdom.
    • Mother: Ashiamma, a homemaker known for her kindness and generosity.
    • The family was financially poor but spiritually rich and respected in the community.
  • Childhood Struggles:
    • Grew up in a humble household; financial constraints meant he had to support the family from a young age.
    • Took up odd jobs such as selling newspapers to contribute to family income.
    • Despite poverty, his parents instilled in him values of honesty, hard work, and spirituality.
  • Influences in Childhood:
    • He was greatly influenced by his parents’ simplicity and faith in God.
    • Developed curiosity about flight, nature, and science.
    • Inspired by teachers, particularly Shiv Subramania Iyer, who motivated him to pursue higher education and think beyond limitations.

School Education

  • Primary Education:
    • Attended Rameswaram Elementary School.
    • Showed keen interest in mathematics, science, and learning new concepts.
  • Secondary Education:
    • Studied at Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram.
    • Described as a hardworking but average student who improved through dedication.
    • Had a great passion for mathematics, often spending hours solving problems.
    • Teachers recognized his curiosity and discipline, encouraging him to dream big.
    • His teacher once showed him how a bird flies, which deepened his fascination with aeronautics.

College Education

  • Undergraduate Studies:
    • In 1950, he joined St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli (affiliated with the University of Madras).
    • Completed B.Sc. in Physics in 1954.
    • Though he studied physics, his interest gradually shifted towards engineering and aerospace.
  • Engineering Studies:
    • Enrolled at the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT), Chennai in 1955 to study Aeronautical Engineering.
    • Faced initial difficulties in paying fees, but his sister Zohara mortgaged her jewelry to support his education.
    • At MIT, he gained hands-on experience with aircraft design.
    • In his final year, he was tasked with designing a small hovercraft; his dedication impressed his professors.
    • Dreamed of becoming a fighter pilot, but narrowly missed selection (he stood 9th while only 8 were selected). This setback redirected him towards aerospace engineering and research.

Key Characteristics of His Education Phase

  1. Hardworking Learner: Despite being from a modest background, he overcame obstacles with determination.
  2. Strong in Science & Mathematics: His natural interest in numbers and mechanics guided his career path.
  3. Inspired by Teachers: Teachers played a major role in shaping his vision, particularly in igniting his interest in flight and space.
  4. Value of Sacrifice: His family’s sacrifices, especially his sister’s, were instrumental in his higher education.
  5. Turning Setbacks into Opportunities: Missing the fighter pilot selection was a disappointment, but it led him to DRDO and ISRO, shaping him into India’s “Missile Man.”

Summary

Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s early life and education reflect a journey from humble beginnings in Rameswaram to becoming a pioneering aerospace scientist. Poverty did not deter him; instead, it fueled his determination to succeed. His love for mathematics, inspiration from teachers, and family support laid the foundation for his scientific achievements and leadership qualities.

Here’s a detailed note on the Career of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam as a Scientist:

Career as a Scientist – A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Beginning of Scientific Career (1960–1969)

  • 1960: After completing Aeronautical Engineering from Madras Institute of Technology (MIT), Kalam joined the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) as a scientist in the Aeronautical Development Establishment.
  • Worked on a small hovercraft project, though it was not very successful.
  • This early phase gave him experience in defense technology and leadership.
  • He soon realized his passion lay in aerospace and space technology.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Phase (1969–1982)

  • In 1969, Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
  • Appointed as the Project Director of Satellite Launch Vehicle-III (SLV-III).
  • 1980: Under his leadership, SLV-III successfully launched the Rohini satellite into orbit, making India a member of the elite “Space Club.”
  • This success established Kalam as one of India’s top space scientists.
  • Also contributed to the development of PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) and GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) projects.
  • At ISRO, he worked closely with scientists like Vikram Sarabhai and Satish Dhawan, gaining deeper insight into space research and management.

Return to DRDO & Missile Development (1982–1990s)

  • In 1982, Kalam rejoined DRDO as the Director of the Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL) in Hyderabad.
  • Took charge of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP), an ambitious project initiated in 1983.
  • Developed five major missile systems under IGMDP:
    1. Agni – Intermediate-range ballistic missile (strategic deterrence).
    2. Prithvi – Surface-to-surface short-range ballistic missile.
    3. Akash – Surface-to-air missile.
    4. Trishul – Short-range low-level surface-to-air missile.
    5. Nag – Third-generation anti-tank missile.
  • His successful leadership in missile development earned him the title “Missile Man of India.”

Chief Scientific Adviser & Nuclear Program (1992–1999)

  • 1992–1999: Served as Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister of India and Secretary of DRDO.
  • Played a crucial role in the Pokhran-II nuclear tests (May 1998) along with Dr. R. Chidambaram.
  • These tests established India as a nuclear weapons state and strengthened its global position.
  • His leadership was instrumental in integrating missile and nuclear programs into India’s defense strategy.

Scientific Contributions Beyond Missiles

  • Contributed to the development of indigenous technology in various areas of defense and space.
  • Advocated for self-reliance in technology and reducing dependence on foreign nations.
  • Worked on projects involving medical technology, including low-cost stents and healthcare devices, showing his concern for social development through science.

Recognition and Influence

  • Revered by fellow scientists and defense experts for his vision, dedication, and team-building skills.
  • Earned respect as both a scientist and a science administrator, capable of handling large projects under tight deadlines.
  • Inspired younger scientists with his humility and teaching approach.

Key Achievements as a Scientist

  1. ISRO (1969–1982): Directed SLV-III project; launched Rohini satellite (1980).
  2. DRDO (1982–1999): Led IGMDP; developed Agni, Prithvi, Akash, Trishul, and Nag missiles.
  3. Pokhran-II (1998): Played leading role in India’s nuclear tests.
  4. Technology Vision 2020: Drafted a roadmap for India’s development through science and technology.
  5. Healthcare Technology: Supported development of affordable stents and medical devices.

Summary

Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s career as a scientist reflects his pioneering role in India’s space and defense programs. From launching satellites with ISRO to developing missiles with DRDO, and guiding India’s nuclear program, he shaped India’s status as a technologically self-reliant nation. His vision was not limited to defense alone—he also applied science for social progress, emphasizing education, healthcare, and youth empowerment. His leadership and innovations earned him the titles “Missile Man of India” and “Architect of India’s Missile and Nuclear Program.”

Here’s a detailed note on the Presidency of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam:

Presidency of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (2002–2007)

Introduction

  • Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam served as the 11th President of India from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007.
  • He was popularly known as the “People’s President” because of his humility, simplicity, and deep connection with ordinary citizens, especially the youth.
  • His presidency was unique as he was primarily a scientist and technocrat, not a career politician.

Election as President

  • 2002 Presidential Election:
    • Nominated by the ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA), led by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
    • Received support from many opposition parties, including the Congress and Samajwadi Party.
    • Defeated Laxmi Sehgal, candidate of the Left parties.
  • Sworn in as President on 25 July 2002, succeeding K. R. Narayanan.

Role and Style of Functioning

  • Unlike many of his predecessors, Kalam broke the barriers of Rashtrapati Bhavan by staying approachable to common people.
  • He frequently interacted with students, youth, teachers, and innovators, believing they were the real drivers of India’s future.
  • Known for his simple lifestyle: wore simple clothes, avoided luxury, and continued to live as a teacher even while being President.
  • Declined certain privileges of office, such as elaborate security and protocol, to remain close to the people.

Major Initiatives and Contributions

  1. Vision for India – Technology and Development
    • Advocated for “Vision 2020”, a roadmap to transform India into a developed nation.
    • Stressed on science, technology, education, and innovation as key drivers of development.
  2. People’s President
    • Reached out directly to students through lectures, letters, and meetings.
    • Encouraged youth to dream big, develop skills, and contribute to the nation.
    • His birthday, 15 October, later recognized by the UN as World Students’ Day.
  3. Promotion of Education & Knowledge
    • Initiated several knowledge-related programs, like Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas (PURA).
    • Advocated e-governance, digital learning, and rural connectivity.
  4. Defender of the Constitution
    • Exercised presidential powers with caution and responsibility.
    • Returned controversial bills for reconsideration, ensuring parliamentary accountability.
  5. Diplomatic Engagements
    • As head of state, represented India in various international forums.
    • Advocated for global peace, nuclear disarmament, and technology exchange.

Controversies During Presidency

  • His decision to impose President’s Rule in Bihar (2005), later declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, drew criticism.
  • His tenure also saw debates over mercy petitions, including the pending petition of Afzal Guru (2001 Parliament attack convict), which remained unresolved during his term.
  • Despite these, he was widely respected across party lines for his impartiality and integrity.

End of Term

  • His term ended on 25 July 2007.
  • Although widely popular, he chose not to contest for a second term, citing lack of political consensus.
  • Was succeeded by Pratibha Patil, India’s first woman President.

Post-Presidency Role

  • Returned to teaching, writing, and inspiring youth.
  • Served as a visiting professor at several institutions, including IIM Shillong, IIM Ahmedabad, and IIM Indore.
  • Continued to propagate his vision for a developed India through books, lectures, and interactions.

Legacy as President

  • Widely remembered as the People’s President.
  • Redefined the role of the Indian President, making the office more people-oriented and inspirational.
  • His humility, accessibility, and focus on education inspired millions of students.
  • Set an example of how the highest office in the country could be used to motivate and guide future generations.

Summary

Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s presidency (2002–2007) was a blend of science, vision, and humanity. He was not just a constitutional head, but also a mentor and guide to the nation. His focus on education, technology, youth empowerment, and rural development gave the presidency a new character. Even after leaving office, he continued to inspire as a teacher, proving that his true calling was to ignite minds and shape the future of India.

Here’s a detailed note on the Post-Presidency of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam:

Post-Presidency of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (2007–2015)

Introduction

  • After completing his tenure as the 11th President of India in July 2007, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam chose not to retire in the conventional sense.
  • He dedicated his post-presidency life to teaching, inspiring youth, writing, and promoting India’s development through science and education.
  • Even outside formal political office, Kalam remained an influential figure in national and international forums.

Focus Areas

  1. Education and Youth Empowerment
    • Traveled extensively across India to interact with students, teachers, and educational institutions.
    • Delivered thousands of motivational lectures emphasizing dreams, innovation, and national service.
    • Advocated for skills development, innovation, and entrepreneurship among youth.
    • Encouraged students to participate in scientific projects, rural development, and technology initiatives.
    • Inspired programs like What Can I Give Movement to foster social responsibility in youth.
  2. Teaching and Academic Engagement
    • Served as a visiting professor at various prestigious institutions:
      • Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Shillong, Ahmedabad, Indore
      • Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore
      • Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras and other IITs
    • Focused on innovation, technology, and leadership while mentoring students.
  3. Scientific Advocacy and Development Vision
    • Continued to promote India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium, aiming for a developed India by 2020.
    • Encouraged research in defense, aerospace, and renewable energy.
    • Advocated for self-reliance in technology, particularly in areas of space, defense, and healthcare.
  4. Authorship and Writing
    • Authored several books and motivational works post-presidency:
      • My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions
      • Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji
      • Continued revising earlier works like Ignited Minds to inspire new generations.
    • Wrote extensively on leadership, innovation, education, and spirituality.
  5. National and International Engagements
    • Met world leaders, scientists, and innovators to promote science, peace, and global collaboration.
    • Advocated for sustainable development, climate awareness, and technology sharing.
  6. Social Contributions
    • Encouraged rural development initiatives, including PURA (Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas).
    • Supported healthcare innovation, including low-cost stents and medical devices to help underserved populations.
    • Advocated ethics, integrity, and spiritual values alongside scientific progress.

Death and Final Moments

  • On 27 July 2015, Dr. Kalam collapsed while delivering a lecture on “Creating a Livable Planet” at IIM Shillong.
  • He passed away at the age of 83 due to cardiac arrest, while remaining in his element: teaching and inspiring youth.
  • His death was mourned nationwide and internationally, highlighting his status as a teacher and mentor to the nation.

Legacy Post-Presidency

  1. People’s Teacher and Mentor
    • Inspired millions of students and young professionals across India.
    • Redefined the role of a former President as a lifelong mentor and guide.
  2. Global Recognition
    • Continued to receive honorary doctorates and awards from global universities.
    • Celebrated for promoting peace, education, and technological innovation worldwide.
  3. Institutional Recognition
    • Many institutions, scholarships, awards, and programs were named in his honor.
    • His birthday, 15 October, is celebrated as World Students’ Day by the United Nations.

Summary

The post-presidency phase of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (2007–2015) was defined by teaching, mentorship, and nation-building. He devoted himself to inspiring youth, promoting education, and advancing India’s technological and social development. Even after leaving formal office, Kalam remained a symbol of humility, dedication, and visionary leadership, showing that true influence comes from action, inspiration, and service to humanity.

Here’s a detailed note on the Death of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam:

Death of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Date and Place of Death

  • Date: 27 July 2015
  • Place: Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Shillong, Meghalaya, India
  • Age at Death: 83 years

Circumstances Leading to Death

  • Dr. Kalam was actively engaged in his post-presidency mission of teaching and inspiring youth.
  • On 27 July 2015, he was scheduled to deliver a lecture titled “Creating a Livable Planet” to students and faculty at IIM Shillong.
  • While giving the lecture, he suddenly collapsed due to a cardiac arrest.
  • Despite immediate medical attention and efforts to revive him, he was pronounced dead shortly afterward.

Cause of Death

  • Medical Cause: Cardiac arrest
  • Dr. Kalam had a history of age-related health issues, but he remained active and dedicated to education and science until his last moments.

Immediate Aftermath

  • The news of his sudden death shocked the entire nation.
  • Students, faculty, and staff at IIM Shillong were deeply affected, as he passed away while actively inspiring the younger generation.
  • The Prime Minister of India and other national leaders expressed deep grief and condolences.

National Mourning

  • The Government of India declared a seven-day national mourning in his honor.
  • Flags were flown at half-mast across the country.
  • Thousands of citizens, including students, scientists, political leaders, and common people, paid tribute to him.

Funeral

  • Dr. Kalam’s body was taken to Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, his hometown.
  • He was cremated with full state honors at Pei Karumbu Ground in Rameswaram on 30 July 2015.
  • His last rites were attended by:
    • The President of India
    • The Prime Minister
    • Governors, ministers, and thousands of citizens
  • His ashes were scattered in the Bay of Bengal, in accordance with his wishes, reflecting his love for the nation and nature.

Legacy Reflected in Death

  1. Symbol of Dedication: Passed away while fulfilling his mission of teaching and inspiring youth.
  2. People’s Mourning: Nationwide grief highlighted his unique place in the hearts of Indians.
  3. Global Recognition: International media covered his death extensively, praising his contributions to science, education, and humanity.

Quotes and Tributes

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi: “A teacher until his last breath, a scientist until his last breath, a humble human being until his last breath.”
  • Former Presidents and world leaders hailed him as India’s guiding light and a global symbol of integrity and vision.
  • Students across India remembered him as a mentor, guide, and inspiration.

Summary

Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s death on 27 July 2015 marked the end of a life dedicated to science, education, and nation-building. He passed away while doing what he loved most: inspiring young minds. His death reinforced his legacy as the People’s President, the Missile Man of India, and a teacher for generations. His life and death continue to inspire millions of Indians to pursue knowledge, service, and excellence.

Here’s a detailed note on the Aftermath of the Death of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam:

Aftermath of the Death of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (Post-27 July 2015)

Immediate National Reaction

  • Dr. Kalam’s sudden death at IIM Shillong shocked the entire nation.
  • He passed away while actively teaching and inspiring students, which made the loss deeply personal for many.
  • Citizens across India expressed grief and sorrow, with spontaneous gatherings, candlelight vigils, and tributes in schools, colleges, and workplaces.
  • Media coverage was extensive; television channels and newspapers broadcast 24-hour special tributes highlighting his life, achievements, and philosophy.

Government Response

  • National Mourning:
    • The Government of India declared seven days of national mourning (27 July – 2 August 2015).
    • Flags were flown at half-mast across the country and at Indian missions abroad.
  • Statements from Leaders:
    • Prime Minister Narendra Modi: Called him a teacher until his last breath and praised his dedication to youth and nation-building.
    • Other leaders, including presidents, governors, and political parties, expressed condolences and respect, cutting across political lines.
  • Tributes in Parliament:
    • Members of both houses (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) paid tributes.
    • Special sessions were held where members recounted his scientific contributions, vision for India, and role as People’s President.

Funeral and Cremation

  • Dr. Kalam’s body was flown to Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, his hometown.
  • 30 July 2015: Cremated with full state honors at Pei Karumbu Ground.
  • Thousands of people attended the funeral, including:
    • President of India
    • Prime Minister
    • Governors, ministers, scientists, students, and citizens
  • Ashes Immersion: His ashes were scattered in the Bay of Bengal, as per his wish, reflecting his humility and love for the nation.

Public Tributes and Memorials

  1. Schools and Colleges:
    • Organized seminars, discussions, and essay competitions on his life, vision, and teachings.
  2. Science and Space Institutions:
    • ISRO, DRDO, and other institutions held memorial events honoring his contributions.
  3. Cultural Tributes:
    • Art exhibitions, documentaries, and films about his life were released.
  4. Digital Tributes:
    • Social media platforms were flooded with messages, quotes, and stories about his life.

International Reaction

  • Media worldwide covered his death, calling him India’s Missile Man and People’s President.
  • Foreign leaders and scientists sent condolence messages, acknowledging his contribution to science, technology, and global peace.
  • International organizations highlighted his educational philosophy and vision for youth empowerment.

Long-term Legacy

  1. World Students’ Day:
    • His birthday, 15 October, was declared World Students’ Day by the United Nations in recognition of his commitment to youth education.
  2. Institutions and Scholarships:
    • Numerous institutions, awards, and scholarships were named in his honor.
  3. Books and Educational Material:
    • His life and teachings became part of school and college curricula, inspiring millions of students.
  4. Cultural Memory:
    • Dr. Kalam became a symbol of humility, dedication, and visionary leadership.
    • His philosophy of “dream, work, and serve the nation” continues to inspire generations.

Summary

The aftermath of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s death was marked by national mourning, international recognition, and a deep sense of loss across all sections of society. Beyond grief, his passing reinforced his legacy as a teacher, scientist, visionary leader, and People’s President. Institutions, students, and citizens continue to celebrate his life, ensuring that his vision for education, innovation, and youth empowerment remains a guiding force in India.

Here’s a detailed note on the Personal Life and Interests of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam:

Personal Life and Interests of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Personal Life

  1. Early Life and Family Background
    • Born on 15 October 1931 in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, to Jainulabdeen (father, a boat owner and imam) and Ashiamma (mother, homemaker).
    • Youngest of five siblings (four brothers and one sister).
    • Grew up in a modest, spiritually inclined family.
    • Parents instilled values of humility, honesty, and service to society.
  2. Marital Status
    • Never married.
    • Dedicated his life to science, education, and nation-building.
    • Viewed India and its youth as his “family” and considered contributing to the nation his primary duty.
  3. Religious and Spiritual Beliefs
    • Practiced Islam, but deeply respected all religions.
    • Regularly read the Quran, Bhagavad Gita, and Bible to draw lessons on morality and life.
    • Believed in spirituality, ethical living, and humility as essential virtues.

Interests and Hobbies

  1. Science and Technology
    • Lifelong interest in aeronautics, space, and defense technology.
    • Inspired by flight and airplanes from a young age.
    • Passionate about research, innovation, and scientific development for national progress.
  2. Reading and Learning
    • Avid reader throughout his life.
    • Enjoyed reading biographies, science books, and spiritual texts.
    • Advocated continuous learning, encouraging students and youth to read widely.
  3. Writing
    • Authored several books to motivate youth and share his vision:
      • Wings of Fire (Autobiography)
      • Ignited Minds
      • India 2020
      • My Journey
      • Transcendence
    • Focused on combining science, spirituality, and leadership lessons.
  4. Teaching and Mentoring
    • Deeply passionate about interacting with students and young professionals.
    • Considered teaching as a mission and hobby, continuing even after his presidency.
    • Delivered thousands of lectures, encouraging youth to dream big and work hard.
  5. Music and Arts
    • Enjoyed listening to Carnatic music, particularly devotional songs.
    • Appreciated literature and poetry as sources of inspiration.
  6. Sports and Fitness
    • Maintained good health through disciplined lifestyle.
    • Enjoyed walking, cycling, and staying active even in old age.
  7. Visionary and Inspirational Activities
    • Advocated rural development (PURA), innovation, and youth empowerment.
    • Spent free time mentoring young innovators, scientists, and students.
    • Strong believer in dreaming big and translating dreams into action.

Personality Traits

  • Humility: Lived simply despite global fame.
  • Discipline: Maintained a strict routine for work, reading, and exercise.
  • Integrity: Known for honesty, ethical living, and moral courage.
  • Inspirational Leadership: Encouraged teamwork, innovation, and learning.
  • Optimism: Always focused on possibilities, growth, and nation-building.

Summary

Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s personal life was simple, disciplined, and dedicated to service. Though unmarried, he devoted himself to science, education, and the nation. His interests ranged from reading, teaching, writing, and mentoring to spirituality, music, and fitness. His life demonstrated that humility, curiosity, and dedication can coexist with global fame and national respect. He remains an enduring role model for youth, scientists, and leaders worldwide.

Here’s a detailed note on the Religious and Spiritual Views of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam:

Religious and Spiritual Views of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Religious Background

  • Dr. Kalam was born into a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, on 15 October 1931.
  • His father, Jainulabdeen, was an imam and boat owner; his mother, Ashiamma, was a homemaker with strong moral values.
  • From an early age, he was influenced by religious teachings, learning values of honesty, humility, and service to humanity.
  • Though practicing Islam, Kalam had a broad, inclusive approach toward all religions, emphasizing universal morality over rigid rituals.

Spiritual Beliefs

  1. Interfaith Respect and Learning
    • He respected all religions equally and often cited the Quran, Bhagavad Gita, Bible, and Upanishads for moral and spiritual guidance.
    • Believed that the core of all religions is human values, ethical living, and compassion.
    • Used religious teachings to draw lessons for personal development and leadership.
  2. Spirituality Beyond Rituals
    • Practiced a form of spirituality that emphasized inner reflection, discipline, and ethical action.
    • Often spoke about faith in God as a guiding principle, but stressed action, knowledge, and service as expressions of spirituality.
    • Considered science and spirituality complementary, rather than opposing forces.
  3. Influence of Teachers and Mentors
    • Inspired by his school teachers, family, and spiritual leaders to live a life of integrity, humility, and dedication.
    • Strongly influenced by Swami Pramukh and other spiritual leaders, which he documented in his book Transcendence.
  4. Faith in God and Optimism
    • Believed in God’s guidance in life decisions and scientific endeavors.
    • Used prayer and reflection as a source of inspiration and strength.
    • Maintained that dreams and hard work are gifts from God, and fulfilling them is a form of service.
  5. Universal Morality and Service
    • Promoted values like honesty, kindness, forgiveness, and social responsibility.
    • Saw helping others, educating youth, and nation-building as spiritual duties.
    • Often emphasized that spirituality is practical, not merely ceremonial—it should guide actions for the welfare of humanity.

Spiritual Practices

  • Daily reading of holy texts across religions to gain moral and ethical guidance.
  • Reflection on life’s purpose and the impact of actions on society.
  • Integration of science, education, and spiritual values to guide national development.
  • Advocated meditation, discipline, and self-improvement as tools for inner growth.

Quotes Reflecting Spiritual Views

  • “Look at the sky. We are not alone. The universe is friendly and available to help us.”
  • “Dreams are not what you see in sleep, dreams are those that do not let you sleep.” (linking faith and action)
  • “All religions are valuable; they teach humanity, compassion, and ethics.”
  • “Science and spirituality are not in conflict; they complement each other in understanding life.”

Summary

Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s religious and spiritual views were rooted in Islam, but expanded into universal human values. He believed in ethical living, service to humanity, and integration of science with spirituality. His spirituality was practical, inclusive, and inspiring, guiding his personal life, scientific pursuits, and educational mission. He remains a model of how faith, knowledge, and action can coexist harmoniously.

Here’s a detailed note on the Writings of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam:

Writings of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was not only a scientist and statesman but also a prolific writer. His writings reflect his vision for India, his life experiences, spiritual insights, and passion for youth empowerment.

Themes of Kalam’s Writings

  1. Inspiration and Motivation
    • Many of his books aim to ignite the minds of youth, encouraging them to dream big, work hard, and serve the nation.
    • His writings often combine personal anecdotes with lessons on perseverance, integrity, and leadership.
  2. Science and Technology
    • Highlighted the importance of science, research, and innovation for national development.
    • Advocated for technological self-reliance and futuristic visions for India.
  3. Vision for India’s Development
    • Proposed strategies and roadmaps to make India a developed and prosperous nation.
    • Focused on education, rural development, renewable energy, and technological innovation.
  4. Spirituality and Ethics
    • Integrated spiritual and ethical lessons into his writings.
    • Encouraged moral courage, humility, and service to humanity alongside professional success.

Major Books and Publications

  1. Autobiography
    • Wings of Fire (1999)
      • Chronicles Kalam’s early life, education, and career as a scientist.
      • Highlights his struggles, determination, and contributions to India’s space and missile programs.
      • Inspires readers to overcome adversity and pursue dreams relentlessly.
  2. Motivational Works for Youth
    • Ignited Minds (2002)
      • Aimed at young Indians, encouraging them to dream big and contribute to nation-building.
      • Shares experiences, stories, and advice for personal growth and innovation.
    • You Are Born to Blossom (2011)
      • Focused on children and adolescents, teaching values, ethics, and self-confidence.
  3. Vision and Development
    • India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium (1998, co-authored with Y. S. Rajan)
      • Outlines a strategic roadmap to make India a developed nation by 2020.
      • Focuses on science, technology, education, rural prosperity, and economic growth.
    • Envisioning an Empowered Nation (2013)
      • Advocates holistic development of India through innovation, education, and social empowerment.
  4. Spiritual and Philosophical Works
    • Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji (2012)
      • Chronicles Kalam’s spiritual journey and insights from interactions with spiritual leaders.
      • Explores inner growth, ethics, and life’s purpose.
    • My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions (2013)
      • Combines autobiography with reflections on spirituality, leadership, and innovation.
  5. Other Notable Works
    • A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel to India 2020 (2014) – Encourages youth participation in nation-building and social transformation.
    • Target 3 Billion (2010, with Srijan Pal Singh) – Focuses on rural development, energy access, and equitable growth.
    • Guiding Souls (2013) – Highlights mentorship, education, and value-driven living.

Writing Style

  • Simple and Inspirational: Easy to read, accessible to all age groups.
  • Blend of Personal Experiences and Lessons: Uses anecdotes from life and scientific career to teach lessons.
  • Visionary and Practical: Combines aspirational ideas with practical solutions for national development.
  • Integration of Science, Ethics, and Spirituality: Highlights how values, knowledge, and innovation should coexist.

Impact of His Writings

  1. Youth Empowerment
    • Millions of students and young professionals cite his books as sources of inspiration.
    • Motivated youth to pursue careers in science, technology, and public service.
  2. Nation-Building Vision
    • His works continue to guide policymakers, educators, and innovators in India.
    • Promoted innovation, education, and self-reliance as essential for national progress.
  3. Global Recognition
    • Books translated into multiple languages and read worldwide.
    • Recognized as a thought leader in science, education, and leadership.

Summary

Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s writings reflect his life journey, vision for India, and commitment to youth and society. Through books like Wings of Fire, Ignited Minds, and India 2020, he combined inspiration, science, ethics, and spirituality to motivate generations. His works remain essential reading for students, scientists, and leaders, embodying the philosophy that dreams, hard work, and service can transform individuals and nations.

Here’s a detailed note on the Bibliography of Writings of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam:

Bibliography of Writings of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam authored several books that reflect his scientific expertise, vision for India, motivational guidance, and spiritual insights. His works are widely read by students, scientists, policymakers, and the general public. Below is a detailed bibliography:

1. Autobiography

Title Year Theme / Description
Wings of Fire: An Autobiography 1999 Chronicles Kalam’s early life, education, and career in aerospace and missile programs; inspires readers to overcome challenges and pursue dreams.
My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions 2013 Explores personal reflections, leadership lessons, and experiences post-presidency; emphasizes service, innovation, and spirituality.

2. Motivational and Inspirational Works

Title Year Theme / Description
Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India 2002 Encourages youth to dream big, work hard, and contribute to nation-building; combines personal anecdotes with motivational lessons.
You Are Born to Blossom: Take My Journey Beyond 2011 Aimed at children and adolescents; teaches values, ethics, confidence, and self-improvement.
Guiding Souls 2013 Focuses on mentorship, education, and value-based leadership.

3. Vision and Development

Title Year Theme / Description
India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium (with Y. S. Rajan) 1998 Strategic roadmap to make India a developed nation; focuses on science, technology, rural development, and economic growth.
Envisioning an Empowered Nation 2013 Advocates holistic development of India through education, innovation, and empowerment.
A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel to India 2020 2014 Encourages youth participation in social and national transformation; practical guidance for building a better India.
Target 3 Billion (with Srijan Pal Singh) 2010 Focuses on rural development, energy access, and equitable growth for marginalized populations.

4. Spiritual and Philosophical Works

Title Year Theme / Description
Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji 2012 Chronicles Kalam’s spiritual journey, lessons from spiritual leaders, and reflections on inner growth, ethics, and life’s purpose.
Beyond 2020: A Vision for the New Generation 2008 Explores futuristic vision combining science, ethics, and leadership.

5. Other Notable Works

Title Year Theme / Description
A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel to India 2020 2014 Focused on implementing India 2020 vision with practical steps for youth and policymakers.
Indomitable Spirit 2006 Collection of speeches, thoughts, and reflections on national development, education, and youth motivation.
Turning Points: A Journey Through Challenges 2012 Personal experiences and lessons from his scientific career and presidency; inspires perseverance and vision.

Writing Style

  • Simple and Inspirational: Accessible to all ages, especially youth.
  • Blend of Personal Experience and Vision: Combines anecdotes with lessons on leadership, innovation, and perseverance.
  • Integrates Science, Ethics, and Spirituality: Encourages readers to balance professional excellence with moral values.
  • Futuristic and Nationalistic: Emphasizes India’s development, innovation, and self-reliance.

Impact of His Bibliography

  1. Youth Empowerment: Inspired millions of students to pursue science, education, and nation-building.
  2. National Development: Books like India 2020 influenced policymakers, educators, and innovators.
  3. Global Recognition: Translated into multiple languages; appreciated worldwide for vision, simplicity, and ethical guidance.
  4. Legacy: His writings continue to serve as a source of inspiration, education, and guidance for future generations.

Summary

Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s bibliography reflects a life dedicated to science, education, youth inspiration, and nation-building. His works, from Wings of Fire to Transcendence, combine autobiography, motivation, vision, and spirituality, making him a role model for millions of Indians and people worldwide. His writings remain a treasure trove of knowledge, guidance, and inspiration.

Here’s a comprehensive and detailed bibliography of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam including books, co-authors, year of publication, and theme:

Bibliography of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

S.No Title Year Co-Author(s) Theme / Description
1 Wings of Fire: An Autobiography 1999 Arun Tiwari Autobiography of Kalam; chronicles early life, education, and career in aerospace and missile programs. Inspirational journey overcoming challenges.
2 Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India 2002 None Motivational work aimed at youth; encourages dreaming big, innovation, and nation-building.
3 India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium 1998 Y. S. Rajan Strategic roadmap for India to become a developed nation; focuses on science, technology, education, and rural development.
4 Indomitable Spirit 2006 None Collection of speeches, thoughts, and reflections on leadership, education, science, and national development.
5 You Are Born to Blossom: Take My Journey Beyond 2011 None Focused on children and adolescents; teaches values, ethics, self-confidence, and personal growth.
6 Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji 2012 None Spiritual reflections; lessons from interactions with spiritual leaders and insights on inner growth.
7 My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions 2013 None Memoir post-presidency; personal reflections, leadership lessons, and vision for India’s youth.
8 Envisioning an Empowered Nation 2013 None Advocates holistic development of India through education, innovation, and youth empowerment.
9 A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel to India 2020 2014 None Focuses on youth participation and practical steps to implement India 2020 vision.
10 Target 3 Billion 2010 Srijan Pal Singh Focused on rural development, energy access, and equitable growth for underserved populations.
11 Guiding Souls 2013 None Lessons on mentorship, value-based leadership, and education; emphasizes ethical and responsible living.
12 Turning Points: A Journey Through Challenges 2012 None Experiences and lessons from scientific career and presidency; inspires perseverance and vision.
13 Beyond 2020: A Vision for the New Generation 2008 None Futuristic vision combining science, leadership, and ethical governance.

Key Features of Kalam’s Bibliography

  • Combines autobiography, science, motivation, and spirituality.
  • Targeted at youth, students, policymakers, and the general public.
  • Focus on national development, education, innovation, and ethical leadership.
  • Works translated into multiple languages and widely used in educational and motivational contexts.

Here’s a detailed bibliography of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam presented in points for clarity:

Detailed Bibliography of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

  1. Wings of Fire: An Autobiography (1999)
    • Co-author: Arun Tiwari
    • Theme: Autobiography highlighting Kalam’s early life, education, and career in aerospace and missile programs. Inspirational journey overcoming challenges.
  2. Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India (2002)
    • Co-author: None
    • Theme: Motivational book for youth; encourages dreaming big, innovation, and nation-building.
  3. India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium (1998)
    • Co-author: Y. S. Rajan
    • Theme: Strategic roadmap to make India a developed nation; focuses on science, technology, education, and rural development.
  4. Indomitable Spirit (2006)
    • Co-author: None
    • Theme: Collection of speeches, thoughts, and reflections on leadership, education, science, and national development.
  5. You Are Born to Blossom: Take My Journey Beyond (2011)
    • Co-author: None
    • Theme: Focused on children and adolescents; teaches values, ethics, self-confidence, and personal growth.
  6. Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji (2012)
    • Co-author: None
    • Theme: Spiritual reflections and lessons from interactions with spiritual leaders; insights on inner growth, ethics, and life’s purpose.
  7. My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions (2013)
    • Co-author: None
    • Theme: Memoir post-presidency; personal reflections, leadership lessons, and vision for India’s youth.
  8. Envisioning an Empowered Nation (2013)
    • Co-author: None
    • Theme: Advocates holistic development of India through education, innovation, and youth empowerment.
  9. A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel to India 2020 (2014)
    • Co-author: None
    • Theme: Encourages youth participation and provides practical steps to implement India 2020 vision.
  10. Target 3 Billion (2010)
    • Co-author: Srijan Pal Singh
    • Theme: Focuses on rural development, energy access, and equitable growth for underserved populations.
  11. Guiding Souls (2013)
    • Co-author: None
    • Theme: Lessons on mentorship, value-based leadership, and education; emphasizes ethical and responsible living.
  12. Turning Points: A Journey Through Challenges (2012)
    • Co-author: None
    • Theme: Experiences and lessons from scientific career and presidency; inspires perseverance and vision.
  13. Beyond 2020: A Vision for the New Generation (2008)
    • Co-author: None
    • Theme: Futuristic vision combining science, leadership, and ethical governance.

Key Highlights

  • Focused on autobiography, motivation, science, spirituality, and national vision.
  • Targeted mainly at youth, students, and policymakers.
  • Integrates personal experiences, ethical lessons, and practical guidance for nation-building.

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